Category: Festivals Of India 2020

Kazhugumalai – The Ellora of South India

Tucked away in the serene landscape of Tamil Nadu, Kazhugumalai is a hidden gem that boasts a rich cultural and historical legacy. Often referred to as the “Ellora of South India,” Kazhugumalai is home to the awe-inspiring Vettuvan Koil, a monolithic rock-cut temple that stands as a testament to ancient Tamil architecture and devotion. This temple, though incomplete, captivates visitors with its intricate carvings and enigmatic history. In this blog, we’ll delve into the fascinating history of Vettuvan Koil, explore its significance, and answer the intriguing question: Is Vettuvan Koil a living temple or a non-living monument?

The Historical Background of Kazhugumalai

Kazhugumalai, which translates to “Hill of the Vultures,” is a small village in the Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. This quaint location is steeped in history, dating back to the 8th century CE. The site gained prominence under the rule of the Pandya dynasty, who were known for their patronage of art, architecture, and religion. The Pandya kings, particularly Jatila Paranthaka Nedunjadaiyan, are believed to have commissioned the construction of the Vettuvan Koil.

The region around Kazhugumalai is scattered with Jain and Hindu monuments, showcasing a harmonious coexistence of different religious traditions. The most notable of these monuments is the Vettuvan Koil, a remarkable example of rock-cut architecture that draws comparisons to the famous Ellora caves in Maharashtra.

The Names and Significance of Vettuvan Koil

The name “Vettuvan Koil” itself is fascinating, as it reflects the temple’s association with sculptors. The word “Vettuvan” can be interpreted as “sculptor” or “hunter,” which has led to different interpretations of the temple’s significance. Some believe that the temple was dedicated to Lord Shiva in his form as a hunter, while others view it as a tribute to the artisans who crafted the temple.

In addition to its religious significance, Vettuvan Koil holds great cultural and historical importance. The temple is a symbol of the artistic achievements of the Pandya dynasty and serves as a reminder of the region’s rich heritage. It also reflects the religious diversity of the time, as the nearby Jain monuments suggest a thriving community of Jain monks and followers who coexisted peacefully with the Hindu population.

Vettuvan Koil: The Incomplete Masterpiece

Vettuvan Koil, which translates to “Temple of the Sculptor,” is the crown jewel of Kazhugumalai. This temple, carved out of a single granite rock, was intended to be a magnificent structure However, for reasons lost to history, the temple remains incomplete, adding to its mystique and allure.

The temple’s incomplete state has led to various theories and speculations. Some believe that the sudden death of the king who commissioned the temple halted its construction, while others suggest that the workers abandoned the project due to unknown reasons. Despite its unfinished state, Vettuvan Koil stands as a testament to the skill and dedication of the artisans who worked on it.

Architectural Significance

The architectural brilliance of Vettuvan Koil lies in its intricate carvings and precise craftsmanship. The temple’s exterior is adorned with detailed sculptures of deities, mythical creatures, and floral motifs. The most striking feature is the elaborately carved tower (vimana) that rises above the temple’s sanctum. This tower is adorned with stunning reliefs, including depictions of Lord Shiva in various forms, along with his consort Parvati.

One of the most remarkable aspects of Vettuvan Koil is that it was carved from the top down, a technique known as monolithic rock-cut architecture. This method requires immense precision, as any mistake made during the carving process could be irreparable. The fact that such detailed work was achieved without modern tools or technology speaks volumes about the skill and expertise of the ancient Tamil sculptors.

Is Vettuvan Koil a Living Temple?

One of the most intriguing questions surrounding Vettuvan Koil is whether it is a living temple or a non-living monument. In Hindu tradition, a “living temple” is one where regular rituals and worship are conducted, and the presence of a deity is believed to be active. On the other hand, a “non-living temple” or monument is one where worship has ceased, and the site is preserved primarily for its historical and architectural value.

Vettuvan Koil falls into the latter category. While it was intended to be a grand temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, the incomplete nature of the structure meant that it was never consecrated or used for regular worship. As a result, Vettuvan Koil is considered a non-living temple, preserved today as an important archaeological site and a testament to the region’s rich artistic heritage.

The Legacy of Kazhugumalai and Vettuvan Koil

The legacy of Kazhugumalai and Vettuvan Koil extends beyond their historical and architectural significance. They serve as a window into the past, offering insights into the religious and cultural practices of ancient Tamil Nadu. The intricate carvings and unfinished nature of Vettuvan Koil evoke a sense of wonder and curiosity, drawing visitors from all over the world who seek to unravel its mysteries.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in preserving and promoting Kazhugumalai as a tourist destination. Efforts are being made to protect the site and raise awareness about its historical importance. As more people discover the beauty and significance of Kazhugumalai, it is hoped that this hidden gem will receive the recognition it deserves.

The Jain Abode at Kazhugumalai

The Jain temple at Kazhugumalai was a prominent center for Jainism from the 6th to 13th centuries CE. The southern part of the mountain is adorned with 156 bas-relief sculptures of Tirthankaras, including Parshvanatha and Mahavira, dating back to the 8th and 9th centuries CE. the site is believed to possess spiritual energy.

is a site of great historical and religious significance, particularly known for its rich Jain heritage. During the early medieval period, Kazhugumalai was a prominent center for Jainism, which is evident from the numerous ancient Jain monuments, inscriptions, and rock-cut sculptures found in the region.

One of the most notable Jain sites in Kazhugumalai is the Jain Beds (also known as “Samanar Padukkai”), which are rock-cut cave shelters used by Jain monks for meditation and religious practices. These caves feature intricately carved bas-reliefs depicting Tirthankaras, the revered spiritual teachers in Jainism. The most famous among these is the image of Bhagwan Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara, depicted with a multi-headed serpent canopy.

The presence of both Hindu and Jain monuments in Kazhugumalai reflects the region’s diverse religious history. It also underscores the peaceful coexistence of different religious communities and their shared cultural heritage. This collocation of Jain and Hindu sites at Kazhugumalai offers a unique view on the religious landscape of South India during the early medieval period.

Today, Kazhugumalai’s Jain monuments are not only a place of pilgrimage for followers of Jainism but also an important site for historians and tourists interested in exploring the ancient religious traditions of the region.

Visiting Kazhugumalai

When visiting Kazhugumalai, it’s important to plan your trip wisely. The best time to visit is between 8 am and 11 am or 4 pm and 5:30 pm to avoid the midday heat. Here are a few tips for your visit:

• Dress Code: Lightweight cotton clothing is recommended.
• Essentials: Carry a water bottle, hat, sunglasses, tissues, and healthy drinks.

How to Reach Vettuvan Koil at Kazhugumalai:

Vettuvan Koil is located in Kazhugumalai, a panchayat town in the Kovilpatti taluk of Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu. To reach this historic site, you can take a bus or drive from nearby cities. If you’re coming from Madurai, which is about 125 kilometers away, you can reach Kazhugumalai via Kovilpatti or Sankarankovil. From Kovilpatti, it’s roughly a 21-kilometer drive, making it a convenient route. Alternatively, if you’re traveling from Tirunelveli, Kazhugumalai is approximately 56 kilometers away. Public buses and private taxis are readily available from both cities, offering easy access to the site. Once in Kazhugumalai, Vettuvan Koil is a short trek up the hill, so be prepared for a brief climb to witness the architectural marvel nestled amidst the scenic landscape.

FAQs

1. Why is Kazhugumalai called the “Ellora of South India”?

Kazhugumalai is often referred to as the “Ellora of South India” because of its impressive rock-cut architecture, which draws comparisons to the famous Ellora caves in Maharashtra. The Vettuvan Koil, in particular, showcases intricate carvings and architectural brilliance similar to that of the Ellora temples.

2. What is the significance of the name “Vettuvan Koil”?

The name “Vettuvan Koil” can be interpreted as “Temple of the Sculptor” or “Temple of the Hunter.” It reflects the temple’s association with sculptors and possibly the deity Lord Shiva in his form as a hunter.

3. Is Vettuvan Koil a living temple?

No, Vettuvan Koil is considered a non-living temple. The temple was never consecrated or used for regular worship due to its incomplete nature, and it is now preserved as an important historical and archaeological site.

4. What is the architectural style of Vettuvan Koil?

Vettuvan Koil is a monolithic rock-cut temple, meaning it was carved out of a single granite rock. The temple features intricate carvings, including a richly decorated tower (vimana) with depictions of deities and mythical creatures.

5. What efforts are being made to preserve Kazhugumalai and Vettuvan Koil?

There are ongoing efforts to protect Kazhugumalai and Vettuvan Koil as important cultural heritage sites. These include raising awareness about their historical significance, promoting them as tourist destinations, and ensuring their preservation for future generations.

Conclusion:

Kazhugumalai, often dubbed the “Ellora of South India,” is more than just a historic site, enduring symbols of Tamil Nadu’s rich cultural and artistic heritage. The intricate rock-cut temples, the serene Jain sculptures, and the town’s rich cultural history offer a unique window into a past where spirituality, art, and learning flourished. Whether you’re exploring the majestic Vettuvan Koil or the ancient Jain abode, Kazhugumalai leaves an indelible impression of a place where faith and artistry meet. This hidden gem is a must-visit for anyone interested in the deep cultural and religious roots of Tamil Nadu, promising an experience that is both enlightening and inspiring. So, the next time you find yourself in Tamil Nadu, make sure to visit Kazhugumalai and witness the splendour of Vettuvan Koil – the Ellora of South India.

Visit www.cholantours.com for travel bookings and discover a plethora of extraordinary destinations.

Plan Your Trip – Write us: enquiry@cholantours.com

The Tanjore Big Temple, also known as the Brihadeeswarar Temple, is a towering testament to the grandeur of the Chola dynasty and one of the finest examples of Dravidian architecture. Located in the ancient city of Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu, this UNESCO World Heritage site is not only a masterpiece of engineering and art but also a living center of spirituality and tradition.

While the temple is awe-inspiring by day, it takes on a mystical, almost otherworldly, quality as night falls. The night ceremony ritual, known as the “Ardhajama Pooja,” is a deeply spiritual event that has been performed for centuries, connecting the present to a rich history of devotion and worship. In this blog, we’ll explore the historical significance of the Tanjore Temple, the architectural marvels that define it, and the enchanting night ceremony ritual that continues to draw devotees and visitors from around the world.

The Historical Significance of Tanjore Temple

The Tanjore Big Temple was commissioned by the mighty Chola emperor Raja Raja Chola I and completed in 1010 AD. This monumental temple was built to honour Lord Shiva and to showcase the power, wealth, and cultural superiority of the Chola dynasty. It stands as one of the most important landmarks of the medieval period in South India, reflecting the zenith of Chola architectural prowess.

Raja Raja Chola I envisioned the temple as a symbol of his empire’s devotion to Lord Shiva, and it served not only as a place of worship but also as a center for art, culture, and learning. The temple was designed to inspire awe and devotion, with its towering Vimana (temple tower) and colossal Shiva Lingam—both of which remain unmatched in their grandeur to this day.

The temple’s construction involved the efforts of thousands of artisans, craftsmen, and laborers, who worked tirelessly to bring Raja Raja Chola I’s vision to life. The precision with which the temple was built, using massive granite stones transported from distant quarries, remains a marvel of ancient engineering.

Architectural Marvels of the Tanjore Big Temple

The Tanjore Temple is a masterpiece of Dravidian architecture, characterized by its towering structures, intricate carvings, and massive scale. The temple complex is spread over 44.7 acres, with the central sanctum dominated by the towering Vimana, which rises to a height of 216 feet. This Vimana is capped by a single granite block weighing approximately 80 tons, an engineering feat that has puzzled historians and architects alike.

Key Architectural Features:

• Vimana: The towering Vimana is the most iconic feature of the Tanjore Temple. It is adorned with intricate carvings of deities, celestial beings, and mythological scenes, each one a testament to the skill of the Chola craftsmen.
• Nandi Mandapam: In front of the main sanctum sits the Nandi Mandapam, housing a massive statue of Nandi, the sacred bull and vehicle of Lord Shiva. This statue is carved from a single stone and measures over 16 feet in length and 13 feet in height.
• Wall Frescoes: The inner walls of the temple are adorned with frescoes that depict various aspects of life during the Chola period, as well as scenes from Hindu mythology. These frescoes are remarkably well-preserved and offer a glimpse into the artistry of the Chola painters.
• Sculptures and Reliefs: The temple’s exterior and interior walls are covered with thousands of sculptures and reliefs, each one depicting a deity, a scene from Hindu mythology, or a figure from the Chola court. These sculptures are incredibly detailed and showcase the artistic excellence of the Chola period.

The Night Ceremony Ritual: Ardhajama Pooja

As the sun sets and the day draws to a close, the Tanjore Big Temple undergoes a transformation. The Ardhajama Pooja, the night ceremony ritual, is the final ritual of the day, marking the end of the temple’s daily activities. This ceremony is steeped in tradition and has been performed in the temple for centuries, serving as a bridge between the temple’s ancient past and its vibrant present.

The Ritual Unveiled

The Ardhajama Pooja begins around 8 PM, with the temple priests chanting Vedic hymns and mantras to invoke the blessings of Lord Shiva. The Shiva Lingam, the central deity of the temple, is bathed in holy water, milk, and other sacred offerings. The deity is then adorned with fresh flowers, sandalwood paste, and other sacred items, while incense and lamps are lit to create an atmosphere of divine energy.

The highlight of the ceremony is the procession of the Utsava Murthy—a smaller, portable idol of Lord Shiva. This idol is placed in a beautifully decorated palanquin and carried around the temple complex by the priests, accompanied by the rhythmic beating of drums, the sound of conch shells, and the chanting of hymns. This procession symbolizes the deity’s journey through the temple, blessing all those who have gathered to witness the ritual.

As the procession makes its way around the temple, the air is filled with a sense of reverence and devotion. The flickering oil lamps cast long shadows on the ancient stone walls, creating a surreal, almost magical atmosphere. The ceremony concludes with the distribution of Prasadam—sacred food offerings—to the devotees, who receive the blessings of Lord Shiva before leaving the temple.

The Spiritual and Cultural Significance of the Night Ceremony

The Ardhajama Pooja is not just a religious ritual; it is a living tradition that has been passed down through generations. For the devotees who attend the ceremony, it is a moment of deep spiritual connection with the divine. The ritual serves as a reminder of the temple’s enduring significance as a place of worship and a center of cultural heritage.

The night ceremony also highlights the importance of maintaining the temple’s traditions and rituals, which have been practiced for over a thousand years. By participating in or witnessing the Ardhajama Pooja, one becomes a part of this unbroken chain of devotion, linking the present with the past in a profound and meaningful way.

FAQs About the Tanjore Temple Night Ceremony Ritual

1. What time does the night ceremony ritual at Tanjore Temple start?
   • The Ardhajama Pooja, or night ceremony ritual, typically begins around 8 PM. It’s advisable to arrive a bit earlier to find a good spot and fully immerse yourself in the experience.
2. Is the night ceremony ritual open to non-Hindus?
   • Yes, non-Hindus are welcome to observe the night ceremony. However, certain areas of the temple may be restricted to Hindus only. It’s important to respect the sanctity of the rituals and the temple’s traditions.
3. Can visitors take photographs during the night ceremony?
   • While photography is allowed in most parts of the temple complex, it is generally discouraged during the night ceremony ritual to maintain the sanctity of the event. Flash photography and videography are typically prohibited.
4. Is there any dress code for attending the night ceremony?
   • Yes, visitors are expected to dress modestly when attending the night ceremony. Traditional Indian attire, such as sarees or dhotis, is preferred, and it’s recommended to avoid revealing clothing.
5. What is the significance of the Utsava Murthy procession during the night ceremony?
   • The procession of the Utsava Murthy, a smaller idol of Lord Shiva, symbolizes the deity’s journey through the temple complex, blessing the devotees and the temple. It is a central part of the night ceremony and represents the divine presence moving among the worshippers.

Conclusion: A Timeless Tradition

The Tanjore Big Temple, with its rich history and architectural splendor, is a testament to the enduring legacy of the Chola dynasty. The night ceremony ritual, Ardhajama Pooja, is a living tradition that continues to connect devotees with the divine, offering a spiritual experience that transcends time. For anyone visiting Tamil Nadu, witnessing this ritual is a must—a chance to step back in time and experience the temple’s ancient traditions in a way that is both profound and unforgettable.

Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a spiritual seeker, or simply someone who appreciates the beauty of ancient traditions, the Tanjore Temple and its night ceremony ritual are sure to leave a lasting impression. So, when you visit Thanjavur, make sure to stay for the night ceremony—it’s an experience that will enrich your understanding of India’s rich cultural heritage.

Visit www.cholantours.com for travel bookings and discover a plethora of extraordinary destinations.

Plan Your Trip – Write us: enquiry@cholantours.com

Deccan Festival – Hyderabad

To preserve and enhance the culture of the Deccan Area, the Deccan festival is celebrated in the historic Hyderabad city. Marvel the grandeur of Islamic architectures in Charminar, a world renowned structure. Dance performances, Musical concerts, array of native Andhra cuisines embraced by the influence of Mughal recipes make the festival more colourful. The traditional handmade artefacts displayed in the stalls describe the rich culture of Andhra Pradesh, worth to buy as souvenirs.

Where – Hyderabad

Upcoming Dates – February 25 – March 1 , 2021

Bathukkamma Festival – A festival of Flowers

Bathukkamma festival is the annual fiesta in Telangana state to honor women and their significant roles in the society. Different varieties of flowers are decorated in a tower like structure and special prayers and poojas are done in its wake. The entire state wears a festive look to mark the beginning of Bathukkamma festival. Girls and women get involved in various cultural events enthralling the visitors, making the festival more colourful. 

Where: Throughout state of Telangana

Upcoming Dates : From October 6th, 2021 onwards

HAMPI FESTIVAL

Hampi festival, celebrated to portray the grandeur of the early and medieval Vijayanagara Empire is hosted amidst the heritage monuments of Hampi in Karnataka located on the banks of River Thungabadra. The remnants of ruins still stand as a testimony to the craftsmanship of artisans in Vijayanagara dynasty attracting tourists from all parts of the globe. The three days’ festival includes dance performances exhibiting the rich culture and heritage of Deccan Plateau. It is an enthralling sight to witness the dance performance in the well lit monuments of Hampi in the late evenings.

Where: Group of Hampi monuments

Month of Celebration: January / February, 2021

DUSSEHRA FESTIVAL – MYSURU

The South Indian state Karnataka witnesses thousands of devotees and tourists gathering to worship Goddess Chamundeswari during Dussehra. Mysuru is the epicenter of this festival. The festival lasting for ten days entertains everyone with cultural events, competitions, religious sermons, special poojas and rituals. The Mysore Palace, the official residence of the Royal Family of Mysore is gorgeously illuminated with lights and the site will be awesome during nights. On the tenth day of the Dussehra festival, it is a breath taking moment to watch the procession of caparisoned elephants carrying the idol of Goddess Chamundeswari. The festival is more enchanting with cultural events, crackers and the native Karnataka cuisines.

Where: Mysuru, Karnataka

Upcoming Dates : October 7-16, 2021

DURGA POOJA – KOLKATA

North Indian states like West Bengal is renowned for Durga Pooja during the tenth day of the Dussehra festival. If you plan to be in Kolkata during Dussehra, then it is an amazing experience to be a part of a grand celebrations everywhere in the city. The huge idols of Goddess Druga, worshipped as Supreme Power are worshipped with special poojas rituals before the idols are immersed in water (Durga Bisarjan) on the last day of the festival.

Where: Kolkata, West Bengal

Upcoming Dates: October 11-15, 2021

DRUPKA TESHI FESTIVAL

The most prominent Buddhist festival celebrated in Sikkim and other North East Indian states where Buddhism is prominent is Drupka Teshi festival, celebrated during the 6^th month of Tibetan Calender, generally falling around August. The Eight fold path given by Lord Buddha to mankind to attain salvation is celebrated on this day. The preaching and sermons of Lord Buddha are recalled in special prayers and offerings done at the Buddha temples. Yak procession is also there in some of the North East Indian states to earmark Trupka Deshi festival.

Where: Throughout Sikkim

Month of Celebration : August